Co-Composted Chicken Litter Biochar Increases Soil Nutrient Availability and Yield of Oryza sativa L.

Intensified cultivation of rice has accelerated weathering most tropical acid soils leading to significant loss base cations. In developing countries, yield is low and this results in its production being costly because productivity versus labor low. The objectives study were (i) enhance soil chemical properties, nutrient uptake, grain grown on a mineral using agro-wastes; (ii) determine the agro-waste (chicken manure, cow dung, forest litter, Leucaena) that potential significantly increase yield; (iii) residual effects organic amendments produced from agro-wastes productivity. treatments used three-cycle field without (S0); prevailing recommended rates for fertilizers (NPK-Mg); biochar–forest litter compost (OSA1); (iv) biochar–chicken (OSA2); (v) biochar–cow dung (OSA3); (vi) biochar–Leucaena (OSA4); (vii) biochar–Leucaena–chicken (OSA5). Standard procedures plants’ growth, yield, plant concentrations selected properties. use (OSA1 OSA5) improved compared with method cultivating (NPK-Mg). application reduced inorganic N, P, K, MgO, trace elements up 25%, 100%, 64%, respectively. Leucaena increased OSA5 at 11.17, 13.11, 10.06 t ha−1 first, second, third cropping cycles, effect also although these slightly as those two previous afore-stated superior Transforming into can improve